امتحان قطعة(٢)

Question No - 1

Read the following passage, then choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: About 349 million people across 79 countries are facing acute food insecurity - up from 287 million in 2021. The global community must not fail on its promise to end hunger and malnutrition by 2030. Many innovations that were once heavily supported and publicized, such as fish-protein concentrate and protein from algae grown on petroleum substrates, have fallen by the wayside. The proposals themselves were technically feasible, but they proved to be economically unviable and to yield food products culturally unacceptable to their consumers. Recent innovations such as opaque-2 maize seems promising, but it is too early to predict its ultimate fate. Despite having extensive governmental support, these unsuccessful innovations often have not been technologically adapted or culturally acceptable to the people for whom they had been developed. A successful new technology, therefore, must fit the entire sociocultural system in which it is to find a place. Security of crop yield, practicality of storage, taste and costs should be put in consideration. For example, the better protein quality in bread made from opaque-2 maize will be of only limited benefit to a family on the margin of subsistence if the new maize is not culturally acceptable or is more likely to be attacked by insects. The adoption of new food technologies depends on more than these technical and cultural considerations; economic factors and governmental policies also strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation. Some economists exaggerate in claiming that profitability is the key factor guiding technical change and disregard the substantial effects of culture. Most technological innovations in agriculture can be fully used and adopted only by large landowners in case they believe that the innovations will increase their incomes even if they harm sectors of the population and reduce the availability of food in a country. 1.This passage deals with…………….

a. the practical steps to have food alternatives easily

b. how to have healthy food from opaque-2 maize

c. some solutions to the food shortage problem

d. the problem of food shortage in the developing countries

This question must be answered

Question No - 2

2. Any new crop needs mainly to be……………... to be a successful food alternative.

a. accepted by people

b. grown by people

c. technically adopted

d. advertised in media

This question must be answered

Question No - 3

3.The best sentence that can summarize the last paragraph is……………..

a. many new innovations can be adopted by both small and big landowners

b. some economists think that new adoptions should be adopted for people's sake

c. there are many new solutions for food shortage that can be adopted

d. the adoption of new solutions depends mainly on financial profit

This question must be answered

Question No - 4

4. To ensure the success of the new innovation in the developing countries, …………..is necessary.

a. building new organisations

c. the governmental support

b. a wide advertising campaign

d. ignoring the scientific research

This question must be answered

Question No - 5

5. After reading the passage, we can say that…………….

a. we have some very successful innovations

b. we are still looking for new innovations

c. the developing countries innovations must be applied

d. we don't have food shortage problem with the new innovations

This question must be answered

Question No - 6

6. According to the passage, opaque-2 maize…………..

a. is only suitable for the developed countries

b. can only solve the world food shortage

c. has been adopted by many countries

d. can be attacked by insects easily

This question must be answered

Question No - 7

7. The writer thinks that before the innovation of new crops, we should know that……………….

a. both of the profitability and the cultural effect are very important

b. the profitability is the main key factor guiding the technological change

c. the new changes need the governmental support to the small landowners

d. the new innovations can be applied on condition that they don't harm people

This question must be answered

Question No - 8

8. According to the passage, fish-protein concentrate .......…….

a. isn't supported by many governments

b. is culturally accepted and supported

c. is an unsuccessful solution to food lack problem

d. isn't healthy and causes many diseases

This question must be answered